ICANN ccTLDIssue

The issue of the accuracy of the ccTLDs has been in the shadows for years. A ccTLD is country level domain, for example France is .fr, Germany is .de, the United Kingdom is .uk. The ccTLDs were authorized before ICANN came into existence. There were a few in the early days, but now there are hundreds. Unlike the registrars, bound by a contract with ICANN called the Registrar Accreditation Agreement (RAA), countries have signed Letters and Memorandum of Understanding or some other instrument that basically gives the country control of over its own ccTLD.

While this sounds quite reasonable, the lack of oversight has created a large number of problems. For example. the Soviet Union (.su) ccTLD was supposed to be shutdown and domain names migrated to the new Russia (.ru) domain or the respective country that was no longer part of the Russian Federation. It was never shutdown. Today, it is source of online criminal enterprises.

Another serious unintended consequence was the selling of a country's domain name, such as .tv and .md to people outside of the respective country.

There are also a number of small island countries which were not technically sophisticated in the early that ended up with no citizens controlling their ccTLD.